VS Peps
Glossary · Section 09
Live·13 entries

Glossary · Dictionary

The terminology,
in plain English.

COA, HPLC, GMP, Aib, lyophilized, GHS-R1a. Every term you'll see on a product page, the ledger, or a certificate — defined here, with the “why it matters” spelled out. Search live; the index tracks where you are.

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01
Aib
α-Aminoisobutyric acid

Non-standard amino acid used to stabilize the peptide backbone.

Aib (also called Aib2 in many sequences) replaces a natural amino acid at vulnerable positions to slow degradation by serum proteases. Common in long-acting peptide drugs like semaglutide (Aib at position 2) and tirzepatide (Aib at positions 2 and 13). The substitution markedly extends in-vivo half-life without changing receptor binding.
02
COA
Certificate of Analysis

Independent lab report attesting to identity, purity, and batch metadata.

A COA documents that a specific batch was tested by a named analytical lab, with method, result, and signature. Real COAs name the lab, list a batch identifier, and report purity to the decimal. The COA for every product we sell is on the open ledger.
RelatedHPLCLyophilized
03
C-amide
C-terminal amidation

Replacing the free carboxyl group at the peptide's tail with an amide.

C-terminal amidation (—CONH₂ instead of —COOH) is a common post-synthesis modification that mimics the native form of many bioactive peptides and slows degradation by carboxypeptidases. Often abbreviated as -NH₂ at the end of a sequence.
04
D-iso
D-isomer

Mirror-image amino acid form, used to resist enzymatic cleavage.

Natural amino acids in mammals are L-isomers. Substituting a D-isomer at one or more positions makes those bonds invisible to most proteases — extending half-life. Common in growth-hormone-releasing peptides: D-Trp at position 2 and D-Phe at position 5 in GHRP-6, for instance.
RelatedAib
05
GHRH
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone

Hypothalamic peptide that activates the somatotroph axis.

GHRH binds its receptor on anterior-pituitary somatotrophs and stimulates growth hormone release. Therapeutic analogs include sermorelin (truncated GHRH 1–29), tesamorelin (stabilized variant), and CJC-1295 (modified GRF 1–29). Often paired in research with a selective GHS-R1a agonist for synergistic GH-axis activation.
RelatedGHS-R1a
06
GHS-R1a
Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor 1a

The ghrelin receptor — second pathway into GH release.

GHS-R1a is the receptor for endogenous ghrelin. Selective synthetic agonists like ipamorelin trigger GH release without elevating cortisol or prolactin. Used alongside a GHRH analog because the two receptors act on different intracellular signaling pathways, producing additive GH pulses.
RelatedGHRH
07
GLP-1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

Incretin hormone studied for glycemic regulation and central satiety.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, liraglutide) and dual / triple co-agonists (tirzepatide adds GIP, retatrutide adds glucagon) are the headline class in current metabolic research. Mechanistically distinct from amylin analogs like cagrilintide, which are often co-administered.
RelatedGIP
08
GIP
Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide

Incretin hormone often co-agonized with GLP-1 in next-gen metabolic compounds.

GIP receptor activation amplifies the postprandial insulin response in a glucose-dependent manner. Tirzepatide is the canonical GIP/GLP-1 dual agonist; retatrutide adds glucagon receptor activity for a triple-agonist profile.
RelatedGLP-1
09
GMP
Good Manufacturing Practice

Audited production standard for identity, purity, and traceability.

GMP (or cGMP — current Good Manufacturing Practice) is the regulatory framework for manufacturing facilities that produce pharmaceutical-grade compounds. A GMP-audited facility maintains documented procedures, batch records, equipment qualification, and identity testing. When a product page says “GMP-audited facility,” that means the manufacturer holds active audit certification — not just a self-claim.
10
HPLC
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

The standard analytical method for measuring compound purity.

HPLC separates a sample's components by pushing them through a column with a liquid mobile phase under pressure. Each compound elutes at a characteristic retention time, producing peaks in the detector trace. Purity is reported as the area under the target peak as a percentage of total area. Reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) is the most common variant for peptide analysis.
RelatedCOA
11
Lyo
Lyophilized

Freeze-dried — the dry powder form of the peptide.

Lyophilization removes water from a frozen peptide solution under vacuum, leaving a stable dry “cake” that can be stored at room temperature for extended periods. Reconstitution with bacteriostatic water before use returns the compound to solution. Every vial we ship is lyophilized for transit stability.
RelatedReconstitution
12
MS
Mass Spectrometry

Confirms the molecular weight matches the target compound.

Mass spectrometry ionizes a sample and measures the mass-to-charge ratio of the resulting fragments. For peptides, MS confirms that the lyophilized material in a vial has the exact molecular weight of the intended compound — a crucial identity check complementing HPLC's purity number.
RelatedHPLC
13
Rec
Reconstitution

Re-dissolving the lyophilized powder in solvent before use.

Lyophilized peptides are reconstituted by injecting bacteriostatic water or sterile saline into the sealed vial. Concentration depends on solvent volume; typical research practice is detailed on each product page's storage section. Once reconstituted, the peptide should be refrigerated and used within a product-specific window.
RelatedLyo